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Slide #1. From Mayr to Genomics: Slide #2. Mayr and speciation in birds: Slide #3. The New Guinea Connection Slide #4. Mayr and Diamond - Solomon Slide #5. griseotinctus Slide #6. Sorenson et al. 2003 Slide #7. A model of sympatric speciation <BR>In host-parasitic indigobirds <BR>(after M. Sorenson and C. Balakrishnan, Boston University) Slide #8. I. A multilocus view of speciation in Australian birds Slide #9. Concordance of geographic ranges of Australian songbirds Slide #10. Carpentarian barrier (B) is deepest split Slide #11. -- Gene trees don’t always match the species tree Slide #12. Speciation across the Carpentarian <BR>Barrier: the view from mtDNA Slide #13. Slide #14. congruent gene tree Slide #15. 1 Slide #16. 1 Slide #17. - multiple independent loci <BR> estimates ancestral q (present q also) <BR>- estimates population divergence times <BR>- uses branch length information <BR>- accounts for uncertainty in gene trees <BR> <BR>Assumptions: <BR>"know" the species tree <BR>- random mating <BR>- no gene flow after population divergence <BR>- free recombination among loci (not within) <BR> Slide #18. East-west pairs -- finches Slide #19. Assumed phylogeny of Poephila finches Slide #20. pUC 18 vector Slide #21. 0 Slide #22. 30 gene trees from Australian finches Slide #23. A Slide #24. Analysis suggests Pleistocene divergence <BR>across the Carpentarian barrier Slide #25. 0.00 Slide #26. hecki Slide #27. Conclusions - divergence time Slide #28. II. Genetics and differentiation of House Finches in North America Slide #29. House Finches and Mycoplasma: Slide #30. Recent history of Slide #31. AFLP survey of House Finches Slide #32. 0 Slide #33. Tripartite structure of House Finch populations <BR>suggested by assignment test of AFLP data <BR>(program STRUCTURE: J. Pritchard et al. 2000. Genetics 155: 945-959) Slide #34. Museum collections and geographic variation enable temporal and spatial comparisons of exposure history Slide #35. Conclusions Slide #36. III. Recombination and hitchhiking in natural populations of birds Slide #37. The vertebrate major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) Slide #38. T-cells recognize peptides in the context of MHC molecules Slide #39. Mhc class I crystal structure Slide #40. Red-winged Blackbird Slide #41. Shotgun sequencing Slide #42. GC% Slide #43. Allelic diversity at three blackbird Mhc class II genes Slide #44. Hitchhiking: Is there elevated polymorphism <BR>in regions linked to <BR> the targets of balancing selection? Slide #45. Hitchhiking and recombination: consequences for <BR>Speciation and phylogeography Slide #46. Blackbird Mhc-linked regions amplified <BR>for hitchhiking study Slide #47. 0 Slide #48. Disequilibrium declines rapidly in and Slide #49. Programs for LD and recombination Slide #50. Blackbird recombination rates Slide #51. Hitchhiking on songbird Mhc genes: conclusions Slide #52. Acknowledgments